مجله پژوهشهای جانوری (زیست شناسی ایران)
سال سی و ششم شماره 2 (تابستان 1402)

The present study investigated phylogeny of Iranian (the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea) humpback dolphin, using mitochondrial D-LOOP gene. As a result, four sequences of D-LOOP were obtained from the four Iranian specimens and were compared with available sequences of the members of the genus Sousa from the GeneBank (NCBI). For phylogenetic analyses we used two methods, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference. In the analyses of D-LOOP, all Iranian sequences group firmly together with Indian specimen under a supported clade (bootstrap value = 98 in ML tree, posterior probability = 1 in BI tree). The Indo-Iranian clade clustered firmly with the clade of Sousa plumbea from west of Indian Ocean and South Africa. This finding proof that the Iranian humpback dolphin does not belong to S. chinensis, as previously were recorded, but belongs to S. plumbea. To address the phylogeny with better resolution, careful morphological examination along with using more mitochondrial and nuclear markers are suggested.

To investigate fish biodiversity indexes of Roodbabol River and their relationships with environmental factors, sampling was conducted at 20 stations. At each sampling station factors including river depth, river width, water velocity, substrate rubble diameter, temperature, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity and altitude were measured. 6 freshwater fish species has been recorded namely Barbus (Luciobarbus capito), Hiircan Crested Loach (Paracobitis hircanica), Iranian Goby (Ponticola iranicus), Tabarestan Spirlin (Alburnoides tabarestanensis), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngoden idella), Crucian Carp (Carassius carassius), and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Shanon diversity and Simpson dominance indexes were the highest at station 6 (H′= 1.068 and λ = 0.6071) and 7 (H′= 1.212 and λ = 0.6653) and the lowest at station 9 (H′= 0.103, λ = 0.041). Stations 7 and 13 were the richest stations for species richness index (0.9705 and 0.8736, respectively) while stations 9 and 11 showed the lowest species richness (0.2597 and 0.2153, respectively). The most and least values of Pielou′s evenness index were observed at stations 11 and 20 (0.9816 and 0.3435, respectively). Water temperature with fish abundance, Margalof, Shannon diversity and Simpson dominance indexes, river depth with fish species number, and river width with Pielou′s index had positive and significant correlation. In addition, a significant and negative correlation was discovered between electrical conductivity with Margalof index and between river width with fish abundance. PCA indicated that factors like depth, velocity, rubble diameter and river width primarily and other factors of altitude, salinity and shadow level secondly affect some fish species abundance in particular stations.

Morphological characteristics of fish, including phenotypic diversity in scale pattern, anal fin, and spine shape, play an important role in their viability and economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate the scale patterns and deformities in wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and breeder’s common carp (Cyprinus carpio) of Iranian hatchery centers. In total, 219 samples including 40 wild and 179 farmed common carp (From Silver Carp center in Guilan Province, Cooperative center of 12 in Guilan Province, Shahid Maleki Center in Khuzestan Province) were collected. All farmed and wild Common carp samples were photographed and their other morphological characteristics were examined. The results of this study show different scale patterns in farmed common craps. We observed three different scale patterns in farmed common carp including full scales (Normal), large scales along the lateral line of the body (Line) and a small number of large scales (Mirror). Furthermore, we found a wild common carp with spinal deformation and one farmed common carp missing anal fin. We also found a different scale pattern in farmed common carp that was covered with a disordered full scale. In general, the results of the present research which examines the possible variation in the scale pattern and types of deformities in the appearance of wild and farmed common carp for the first time in Iran, can provide valuable information for further researches in the field of molecular identification of the genetic basis of the variation observed in Common carp.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disorder that relevant to insulin resistance and oxidative stress. In this study, a low-fructose diet combined with α-lipoic acid was used to evaluate its effect on insulin resistance and some parameters of NAFLD due to high fat diet in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were divided into five group (n=8). Lip group orally treated with the HFD plus lipoic acid (60g/kg) and Fru+Lip group orally treated with the HFD plus fructose (1g/kg) combined with lipoic acid (60g/kg) once per day via gavage for six weeks. After six weeks, serum lipid profile, glucose, Adiponectin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TNF-α and also lipid profile and MDA in liver was evaluate. PGC-1α gene expression was examined in adipose tissue by Real-time PCR method. Liver tissue staining with H&E was performed to evaluate hepatic steatosis. In HF group, serum glucose, insulin resistance, serum and liver lipid profile, TNF-α and hepatic MDA significantly increased compared to the NC group (P<0/05) and hepatic steatosis was observed. In Fru group, serum glucose, insulin resistance, serum and liver lipid profile, TNF-α and hepatic MDA significantly decreased compared to the HF group (P<0/05). In addition, in Fru+Lip group, these parametrs significantly decreased compared to the Fru group (P<0/05). The results of this study showed that a low-fructose diet combined with α-lipoic acid has higher improvement effect on some parametrs of NAFLD compared to the low-fructose diet alone.

This work was conducted to study the morphological variation of longspine scraper (Paracapoeta trutta) in five populations in the Iranina sub-basins of Sirwan, including Gavehrood, Uraman, Ebrahim-Abad, Gaveshan and Qaleh-Ji. 58 specimens were sampled from the mentioned stations, which are the distribution places of the studied populations in Sirwan basin. In order to investigate morphological diversity, The coordinate data after GPA superimposing, analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA) based on P value in Non-Parametric Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and cluster analysis (CA). The results of Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) showed that Uraman population is separated from others. Based on the results of Mahalanobis distances between the studied populations, the maximum and minimum distances were between Uraman and Ebrahim-Abad populations and Gaveshan and Gavehrood populations, respectively. Based on the Cluster analysis, the populations of Ebrahim-Abad, Qaleh-Ji and Gavehrood were clustered together and Gaveshan and Uraman in another one. The results also showed the phenotypic plasticity of this species in adapting to different habitats, based on habitat conditions.

 During embryonic development from fertilization until the baby is born make up . During this period , various changes and many accidents happens that both maternal and fetal medicine and encompasses many topics to talk for hours and study needs . In this season of human life , one of which is being encrypted and Raztryn times struggled with science and technology, there are still many problems , it has remained a mystery . It is formed during the fetal stage and Ambryvzhnz . Ambryvzhnz period since the inception of the organs takes time . Science of embryology has now been seized by the advanced machine to reach this stage . The Quran is in the hundreds of years ago without using any tools and processes to express any kind of miracle .This study seeks to examine it from the perspective of comparative embryology Wyatt Vazdhm to Chhardm The Holy Quran Surah Moumnon focus on this aspect of the miracle of the Qur'an is more pronounced . The Quran refers to the seven stages of man's creation . The steps are: 1 . The soil . ( Dust - Tyn ) 2 . Stage embryo. Three . The bond . ( Lqh ) 4 . Mzghh stage . ( Mzghh ) 5 . Stages of bone formation . ( Zama ) 6 . Cover the meat on the bones 7 . Creative Spirit ( Nshanah Khlqa end).